Aeroplane



H. L. BOYLE.

AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1' I. ma.

Immune 6,1922.

TS-r-SHEET l.

' n n n )XHugooeo I H A in. WTW

H. L. BOYLE. AEROP LANE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT; H} 1918.

PatentedJuIie 6,1922.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2- v 5mm Homer? L. BOYLE.

H. L. BOYLE.

AEROP|.ANE.

APPLICATION man SEPT. u. I918.

. Patented June- 6, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'lwue/Mo o Henna L. BOYLE H. L. BOYLE.

AEROPLANE.

AFPHCATION FILED SEPT. 11, I918- Patented June 6 1922. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Elm-outlet Human L. Bonn wi/lmmow HomER'L. BOYLE, OELANSING, MICHIGAN.

.AEROPLANE..."

Application filed-Sentember ll, 191s. se-r aino. 253,574.

To all whom it may concern/.

Beitknown that I, HOMER L. BOYLE citizen of the United States, residing,at I Lansing, county of Ingham,.$tate. of M ch gan, have invented certain new and useful.

Improvements in Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification. j

This invention relates to improvements aeroplanes.

Th'e'flinain object of this invention is to provide in an aeroplane an improved automatic balancing means Further objects, and objects relating to structural details will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

I accomplish theobjects of my invention I by,the devices and means described in the following specification. The invention is claims. A. I i A structure which is a preferred embodiment of my invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing, forming a;- part of this specificatiomin which: I

Fig. I is aside elevation of a structure embodying the features of my invention, the parts being shown .mainly in conventional form, a portion of theIrudder beingbroken away. I

Fig. I is adetail view partially in verticalsection showing the arrangement of one of the body balancing wheels and its operation connections- I Fig. II is a deta1l view on I llIlQCOIIG sponding to line 22 of-Fig. I, showing the arrangement of the balancing wheels on the planes.

Fig- III is a detail section on a line corre-fl'.

sponding to-Jline 33 of Fig. II.

Fig. IV is a.detail vertical section .011 a line corresponding to line 44 of Fig. V.

Fig. V is a detail section on a line corresponding to line 55 of FigsII and IV. Fig. VI is a detail side elevation showing an adaptation of my improvement to a plane ofthe rear or push propeller type. I

Fig. VII is a detail view on'a linecorr'e sponding to line 7-7 of Fig.-VI.

; Fig. VIII is a detail section on a line corresponding to line 88 of Fig. VII;

Fig. IX is a detail vertical section on a line corresponding to line.99 of Fig. X, showing anothermodification or adaptation of my improvements.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patnfed J 3651922!)- Fig. XVII. I I I Fig.; XVI I is an. enlarged detail section. on a line..c'orresponding to line 17';17 ;.0f 1

I Fig. X is a detail horiz n a visits; line corresponding to line 10-10. of Fig. IX.

- FigQXI, is a ,detail .viewona line COIIGi-f I spon dinggto line,11.11 of- Fig. X. I

responding to. line. 14-914 of Fig. XIII;

any.

Fig. .XV is a detail longitudinal ,vertical-I ther. embodiment .provements.

Fig. XVI

F ig XV.

sectionthrough a'plane showing astilll furor adaptation; of my-im-py:

. is an enlarged detail sectionro'n 1 a line corresponding; t0: line. 16 -16 {of clearly defined and pointed out in the I i Fig. i XVIII is a detai l'section similar to I.

in the control valve.-

that of F igr, XVI, showing a modification .-Fig. XIXis a detail vertical longitudinal section through the plane "showings'tillr an i othen-embodiment of my, invention-having: I electrical cojntrol electrically drivenbalancingwheels. I

Fig. IXXI' is i a side view improvement.

of a 'flying 1 chine of theyrear propellerw'type; showing .Fig. XXII is'an 'en-larged' d'etail v'aiai y section,,.on+:a -line corresponding to linen; 22-22 of- Fig. XXI. v f. Q

In the drawing, similar reference char-"j" acters refer to'similar'parts throughoutthe I several views, and the sectional views are,

taken looking inthedirection ofthe little n I iarrows at the-ends of thesection lines.

Referring to the. drawing, 1 represents the body or fuselage of anaeroplanef, 2 and "the. planes, and .4 the driving propeller thereof. These. ventionally.

parts are all; shownwcorn To automatically maintain the balance of i015 the machine under; varying conditions of f.

use,-I provide-'a rear tail balancing wheel 5, a front balancing wl1eel.6,. and a pair of v I F is a: diagrammatic v convent onallythewiring, of the; structure. shown in -Fig. XIX. E

side or Wing balancing wheels 7. The front and rear or tail and head balancing Wheels and 6 are disposed centrally of the'body' and above the same, While the Wing or .;side

balancing Wheels 7 are disposed under the upper Wing and towards the outer ends thereof. These balancing Wheels are of the propellentype. 1 Sillustratesthe crank shaft.

of the motor indicated at 9.

I provide a vertical driving shaft 10 and a horizontal driving shaft 11, the horizontal driving shaft being connected'to the crank shaft-of'the motor by suitable mechanism, shown"conventionally at 12, and. controlled byvthe lever 13. The connections-for the engine to the shaft '10 are not illustrated.

The spindles 14 and 15 of the front and rear propellers are disposed at 'thefends of the'shaft 11 at right angles thereto and have sleeves l6 thereon carrying 'facin "connected-beveled friction gears 19*, eit i'er'ofwhich is adapted to be brought into mesh with the gears 201011 the shaft 11', the. nor mal"'po'siti0n of the gears' 19'being neutral as shown in Fig. I "Details of the con 'nectionsifor the other body balancing p'ro p eller are not shown as they areduplicates of those shotv'n 'in Fig. I

The sleeve 16 is splined" to'the'shaftlb and is held in its neutral position when theimachine-is balanced by means of the Weight 21 carried "by the lever 22 pivoted at '23 the Y lever being provided Wltli an arm 24. engagiing the sleeveas shoyi lnin Figl I 3 VVhien'the machine becomes out ofbal'ance the Weight shifts the sleeve 16 bringing one of the gears 19 into mesh With the driving gear 20 according to the directionof thetilting, and thus drivesthe balancing Wheel or propeller in the required direction to re position.

Through the. control lever the balar'icing- Wheels may be thrown out of operation. Thewingbalancing wheels or propellers are carried by thevertical spindles 25,- the bal- ,"ancing propellers having friction gears '26 thereon. The driven shafts 27 are supported by the bearings 28 and 29 so as to )ermit axial or longitudinal these shafts. H The shaft 10 is providedwith' a beveled gear 30, While the shafts 27 are provided with a coacting gear 31. The shaft 27 has pairs of facing beveled gears 32 splin'ed thereto to coact with the gears'26 ofthc spindles 25. The gears-32 are automatically adjusted either to a neutral position or to bring either of the gears 32 into engagement with its coacting gear on the spindle 25 by means of the Weight 33 pivoted at 3a to engage the collar 35. This collar is connected v by the'rods 35 to the pairs of gears 32so that'ivhen the machine tilts,'the gears 32 are shifted to automatically bring one or turn the machine to its normal or balanced.

adjustment of the balancing Wheels to reestablish the equilibrium ofxthe-plane Whenever-1t 1s destroyed.

T-he Weights 33 are enclosed in housings 36 on the under side of the Wings. With theipartsthus arranged the balancing pro-- pellers are automatically controlled through the connections described by the Weights so that effective balancing of the machine is maintained.

The parts of the aeroplane illustrated are the other thereof into engagement With the balancing Wheel spindle gears '26, driving shown mainly in conventional form 'asthe" details of these parts form no partof my present invention. w

In the modification, shown in Figs. VI 3 VIII inclusive, the propeller 37 is disposed In ap-- proximately the horizontal pljane of upper" plane, I 'mo'unt front and rear balancing at the rear of the short body 38.

Wheels 'iO'a'nd 41 respectively, and side bal- 'ancing wheels as. 43 represents the vertical drivin shaft, the driving means therefor not being illustrated.

Front and rear driven shaftstetand 45 respectively, and the "driven sl'ia'fts 46 for the side balancing vvheels are mounted on suitable bearings-onthe under" sideof theplane" 39..-

The vertical shaft 43 is provided With'a -gear-4L7,wvhile the shafts 44, 45 and46 are provided with' gears 48 meshing with the gear 47; v v 5 The balancing Wheels 40, 4t]; and -12 are as the Weights swing. the gears 50 and 51 are brought into and out of driving engag'e ment, thus automatically connecting p the balancing WVhGQlS with their driv ng means.

With this arrangement all of the balancing Wheels" are driven from 'a single driving shaft.

.In. the modification shovv n in'Figs. IX, X

" I provide a (ii-rm; Share a posed-'lon-gitudinally onfth u d Sideoffi the plane and having a gear 56 meshing With" the gear 57 on the power shaft 58.

Onrhe ends of theshaft 55, I spline'fric tion driving 'wheels 59 "to 'coact with the dishsGO carried by the side balancing Wheels; To automatically" shift these friction driving Wheels 59,1 provide weights 61 which are pivoted on the mainframe and connected by links 62 with thefriction driving disks 59.

By shifting the gears 59 aXiallythe: speeds of the' balancing 'wheels are controlled.

In the modification shown in Figs. X'H, Y

XIII and'XIV, the balancing heels 63 are provided with driven disks'e t The shaft 65 hasjsplined theret'o tthe "friction gearsb66. In theirnormal position-as shown Fig.1 XIII,,the driving disks. 66are posltioned centrally of, the disks 6 L sothat practically no speed is imparted thereto. When, how ever, the shifting or tilting of the aeroplane.

actuates the weights,the;disks 66 are shifted:

delivered through pipes .68 ;from the supply connection 69. I This supply connection is controlled by the valve 7 O which is nor mally in the position shown in Fig. XVI with its port communicating with both pipes 68. When, however, the machine tilts the valve is actuated by the weight 1 cutting off one pipe 68 and giving an increased portage to one of the motors 72. A pressure tank 74 is provided in the air supply line- In Fig. XVIII, I Show a modification in which the valve 70 is arranged so that normally both conduits 68 are out off, that is, they are cut off when the machine is in balance. h

In the modification shown in Figs. XIX and XX, I show balancing wheels 75 pro vided with electric motors 78. These motors are controlled by the weight 79 adapted to coact with contact pins 80 when the weight swings from its neutral position. The connections are shown diagrammatically in Fig.

XX. I do not describe them in detail as they will beunderstood by'those skilled'in this art.

In the modification shown in Figs. XXI and XXII, the balancing "wheels 81- are mounted below the plane 82. Their spindles 83 are provided with bevel gears 84. pair of gears 85 are mounted on the driven shaft 86 which is provided with a gear 87 meshing with a gear 88 on the driving shaft 89. The gears 85 are'rotatably mounted on the shaft 86 and eitherone or the other connected thereto through the friction disks 90 which are splined to the shafts .and'adjusted longitudinally thereon by the rod9l. This rodis controlled by the weight-92pivoted' at 93 and connected to the rod at 94. As the weight swings to the tilting of the plane,

the rod is moved longitudinally and one or the other of the clutch members-9O brought into engagement with its gear so that the propeller wheels are driven in one direction or the other.

With this arrangement of parts, I proide an aeroplane structure which is auto-- matically balanced and supported against longitudinal or side tilting.

I have illustrated and described several modifications and adaptations of my im ment'upon the body assuming an unbalanced provements. h Parts are shown-mainly incone, 'ventional form .for. convenience n illustrae 131011." i

tersPatenfiisz; I I

1. In a flying machine, =the= combinati0fn with a body, a planeand-a driving. pro-2X peller, 0f balancing wheelshdisposefil horig zontallyatthe front and rear. ends. of,the-;;;.- bodyranjdaprovided with vertical .drivengc spindles, a driving shaft disposed longituwgl dinallyiof the body and. provided'fwitl bev-f eled, driving, gears, means .fo'r, controlling said driving shaft, pairs-of connectedfaeing. so i beveledydriven gears splined .to;..said,gbalanc.- ing wheel spindles to coact with said driv-f ing gears, and independent pivoted controlling weights for said driven. gears adapted to automatically hold them out of driving engagement with said driving gears when. the body is in its longitudinally balanced position and to shift one or the other of the pair of driven gears into driving engage,

ment upon the body assuming an unbalanced position. I. I I 2. In a fly ng machine, the combination -with a body, a-plane anda driving pro-y peller, of bala'ncingwheels disposed horizontally at the-front and *rear ends of the 95' body and provided with vertical i driven spindles, a driving shaft disposed longitu- .dinally; of the body and provided with' Y beveled drivinggears, pairs of connected. facing beveled driven gearssplined to saidlOO balancing wheel spindlesto coact with said driving gears, and independent pivoted controlling weights for said driven gears adapt ed'to automatically hold them out of driving engagement'with said driving gears when 106. v

the bodyis in its longitudinallybalanced position and to shift one orthe other. of the I i I i pair of driven gears into driving engage position. I

3. In a flying*machine,'the Icombinat'ion of a balancing wheel providedwith a spindle, a driving gear, means for; controllingi I said driving gear, pairs of facingbeveled gears splinedto said balancing wheel spin-I dleto coact with saidv driving gear, and a pivoted control weight thereforadapted to I automatically hold said gears normally out of driving engagement with said driving gear or'to bring'one or into driving engagement acting as specified. t i 4;In a flying machine, the combination of a balancing wheel provided with :a spin-U dle, a driving gears splined to said balancing wheel spin dle to coact with saiddriving gear, and. a f pivoted control weight thereforadapted to automatically hold said gears normally out of driving engagement with. said driving 1 30 therewith, all 30- I-Iavingthusdescribed invention, whatg, u I claim ,asJlfiwand desire, to securesby, Let-1;;7o,

the, other thereof- 2? gear, pairs of facing beveled 2 ancing Wheels or to aneutral position,

automatic means adapted to shift said gearsgear or tobring one or the other thereof into clrlving engagement, all coao'ting as specified.

5. In a-fiying machine, the combination with a body, a plane and a driving prowpeller, of apair of lateral balancing heels on saidshafts. c

6, In a flying machine,'the combination of a'balancing wheel provided with a gear,

shaft, -a pair of gears splined to said shaft 1 to 'coaot'with said balancing wheel gear and gears on said bala controlling weight adapted to shift said gears on said shaft, all coacting as specified- 7. In a flying machine, the combination of va balancing wheel provided with a gear, a shaft, a pair of gears splined to said shaft to' coactwith said balancing wheel gear and automaticmeans adaptedto shift said gears on said shaft, all coacting as'specifiedu In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two Witnesses. 1

. Ho E 'L'. BOYLE. {mp1 l Vitnessesi' FLOYD J. LAMB,

w. W. oLARK. 

